FIRST WE NEED SOME PRELIMINARY KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE.

HARDWARE: The devices by which a whole computer is made up of, are called hardware. Hardware is visible and touchable. Hardware can be connected as per our requirements. Hardware can be divided into four parts, like input device, output device, central processing unit, storage unit. Examples printer, monitor, mouse, keyboard etc.

SOFTWARE: The computer is made up of hardware means machines but how those machines will be work is determined by the software. Within softwares there is a set of instructions through which the given work is done by the computer. Those sets of instructions are called programs. When one or more program is capable to solve a specific kind of problem then that bunch of programs are called software.

CLASSIFICATION OF SOFTWARE: Software’s are mainly divided into two broader parts. 1) system software 2) application software. Again system software is divided into three parts 1.1)operating system, 1.2) language processor, 1.3) utility system. Again language processor is divided into three parts 1.2.1) assembler 1.2.2) compiler 1.2.3) interpreter. Application software is also two types 2.1) package program, 2.2) unique application. So let’s have a discussion on each of these individuals.

SYSTEM SOFTWARE: From naming it can be concluded as this kind of software is enough to run the system. With the help of system software we can control hardware as well as application software also.

OPERATING SYSTEM (OS): Hardware and other applications of the computer are controlled by the operating system. The operating system is a blender of multiple programs. The operating system creates a connection between the user and the hardware. With the help of the cpu those bunch of instructions executes and the work is done. Some well-known operating systems are dos, windows, linux, mac os, unix etc. The operating system is mainly placed on a hard disk.

FUNCTIONS OF OS: Controls the devices of the computer, controls the memory usage, helps to run application programs, helps user to create program, helps to troubleshoot the system, helps in i/o management( taking input through keyboard, process through cpu, then display the output on the monitor, file management(read file, write file, edit, create, store), memory management, process scheduling, manage security etc.

LANGUAGE PROCESSOR: The computer works with digital signals, which indicates 1 to the positive value and 0 to the negative value. The languages or codes are created by these binary values are called machine language. But users can’t understand this language they write their programs in high-level language. So after writing those programs they are converted into machine-level language for computer understanding. To convert this language some processors are needed those are called language processors.

ASSEMBLER: It is a translator which is situated between machine-level language and high-level language. It helps to translate high-level language to machine-level language.

COMPILER: It checks the whole program first written in high-level language if any error occurs then it stop the process and back to the user and then converts it into machine-level language.

COMPILER: It checks the whole program first written in high-level language if any error occurs then it stop the process and back to the user and then converts it into machine-level language.

UTILITY PROGRAM AND SOFTWARE: It is a kind of helpful system program. It helps the user to merge two programs, copy the program, copy the file, detect malware, de fragmentation etc. To do this kind of work some software is available that is called utility software.

APPLICATION SOFTWARE: Application software is a set of programs that helps the user to do a specific kind of work. Example M.S.POWERPOINT is used to make ppt, M.S.EXCEL is used to do mathematical operations, M.S.ACCESS is used to work for database related etc.